Abstract
Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria can secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs), which contain numerous active substances. EVs mediate bacterial interactions with their hosts or other microbes. Bacterial EVs play a double-edged role in infections through various mechanisms, including the delivery of virulence factors, modulating immune responses, mediating antibiotic resistance, and inhibiting competitive microbes. The spread of antibiotic resistance continues to represent a difficult clinical challenge. Therefore, the investigation of novel therapeutics is a valuable research endeavor for targeting antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. As a pathogenic substance of bacteria, bacterial EVs have gained increased attention. Thus, EV inhibitors are expected to function as novel antimicrobial agents. The inhibition of EV production, EV activity, and EV-stimulated inflammation are considered potential pathways. This review primarily introduces compounds that effectively inhibit bacterial EVs and evaluates the prospects of their application.
Highlights
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles with double-layer membrane structures, which are secreted from the cell membrane (Cheng and Schorey, 2019; Briaud and Carroll, 2020)
The secretion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is an important method by which bacteria exert their invasive power
The development of drugs targeting bacterial EVs has the potential to provide new insight into the intractable problems associated with bacterial infections
Summary
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are vesicles with double-layer membrane structures, which are secreted from the cell membrane (Cheng and Schorey, 2019; Briaud and Carroll, 2020). While EVs promote bacterial invasion of hosts, they modulate immune responses and suppress other microbes Together, these interactions can help us to understand the novel mechanisms of bacterial invasion and develop more effective therapies which can be used to overcome pathogenic infections. Product 5 led to a 55% decrease in EVs. PQS synthesis was reduced in the presence of these indole derivative compounds, suggesting that the reduction of EVs might be related to the inhibition of PQS synthesis. S. aureus was found to produce EVs that were able to deliver virulent bacterial components to host cells and lead to cell apoptosis (Gurung et al, 2011) In view of these problems, targeting natural compounds for their anti-SigB activity could be considered as a treatment for MRSA infection.
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