Inhibition of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 6 Reduces Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Attenuates Aminoglycoside- and Cisplatin-Induced Hair Cell Death

Abstract

Background: Mechanosensory hair cells in the inner ear have been shown to be susceptible to ototoxicity from some beneficial pharmaceutical drugs, such as aminoglycosides and cisplatin. Thus, there is great interest in discovering new targets or compounds that protect hair cells from these ototoxic drugs. Epigenetic regulation is closely related to inner ear development; however, little is known about epigenetic regulation in the process of ototoxic drugs-induced hearing loss. Methods: In this study, we investigated the role of protein arginine methyltransferase 6 (PRMT6) in aminoglycoside- and cisplatin-induced hair cell loss by using EPZ020411, a selective small molecule PRMT6 inhibitor, in vitro in neonatal mouse cochlear explants and in vivo in adult mice. We also took advantage of the HEI-OC1 cell line to evaluate the anti-apoptosis effects of PRMT6 knockdown on cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. Apoptotic cells were identified using cleaved caspase-3 staining and TUNEL assay. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were evaluated by DCFH-DA and cellROX green staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were determined by JC-1, TMRM, and rhodamine 123 staining. Findings: We found that EPZ020411 significantly alleviated neomycin- and cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis and increased hair cell survival. Moreover, pretreatment with EPZ020411 could attenuate aminoglycoside- and cisplatin-induced hearing loss in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that inhibition of PRMT6 could reverse the increased expression of caspase-3 and cytochrome c translocation, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased accumulation of ROS, and activation of cell apoptosis after cisplatin injury. Interpretation: Our findings suggested that PRMT6 might serve as a new therapeutic target to prevent hearing loss caused by aminoglycoside- and cisplatin-induced ototoxicity by preventing ROS formation and modulating the mitochondria-related damage and apoptosis. Funding: This work was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2017YFA0103900, 2016YFC0905200) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 81870728, 81620108005, 81470687, 81830029, 81570919, 81230019), and Sponsored by Shanghai Rising-Star Program (19QA1401800). Declaration of Interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest. Ethical Approval: All experiments were approved by the Shanghai Medical Experimental Animal Administrative Committee.