Abstract
BackgroundMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are linked with several complications such as metastasis of cancer progression, oxidative stress, and hepatic fibrosis. Brown seaweeds are being extensively studied for their bioactive molecule content against cancer progression. In this context, Sargassum horneri was reported to possess various bioactivities including antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory partly due to its phenolic compound content.MethodsIn this study, potential of S. horneri was evaluated through anti-MMP effect in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. S. horneri crude extract was fractionated with organic solvents, namely, water (H2O), n-buthanol (n-BuOH), 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq. MeOH), and n-hexane. The non-toxicity of fraction samples (Sargassum horneri solvent-partitioned extracts (SHEs)) was confirmed by cell-viability assay. SHEs were tested for their ability to inhibit MMP enzymatic activity through gelatin digestion evaluation and cell migration assay. Expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and tissue inhibitors of MMP (TIMPs) were evaluated by reverse transcription and Western blotting.ResultsAll fractions inhibited the enzymatic activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 according to gelatin zymography. Except H2O fraction, fractions hindered the cell migration significantly. All tested fractions suppressed both mRNA and protein levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2.ConclusionOverall, current results suggested that S. horneri has potential to be a good source for anti-MMP agents, and further investigations are underway for better understanding of the action mechanism and isolation and elucidation of the bioactive molecules.
Highlights
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are linked with several complications such as metastasis of cancer progression, oxidative stress, and hepatic fibrosis
MMPs are regulated by tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) through a negative feedback mechanism acted on activation of MMP enzymes
Particular important pathways for metastasis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis are known to be influenced by the activities of MMPs (Holdt and Kraan 2011; Plaza et al 2010)
Summary
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are linked with several complications such as metastasis of cancer progression, oxidative stress, and hepatic fibrosis. Brown seaweeds are being extensively studied for their bioactive molecule content against cancer progression In this context, Sargassum horneri was reported to possess various bioactivities including antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory partly due to its phenolic compound content. Matrix metalloproteinases are hailed as crucial enzymes that have important roles in cancer progression and several tumor-related complications (Jones and Walker 1997). Due to their nature, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are pivotal in cell proliferation and migration which are closely linked with invasive tumor cells and onset of malignant tumor growth (Moss et al 2012). Normal regulation mechanism of TIMPs ought to be deteriorated and further facilitate the enhancement of MMP expression in malignant tumors (Yu and Gu 2015)
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