Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has recently been introduced and reported as a novel tool with a range of medicinal and biological roles. Although many studies using NTP have been performed, none has investigated the direct relationship between NTP and immune responses yet. Especially, the effects of NTP on atopic dermatitis (AD) were not been explored. Here, NTP was tested whether it controls immune reactions of AD. NTP treatment was administered to pro-inflammatory cytokine-stimulated keratinocytes and DNCB (2,4-Dinitrochlorobenzene)-induced atopic dermatitis mice, then the immune reactions of cells and skin tissues were monitored. Cells treated with NTP showed decreased expression levels of CCL11, CCL13, and CCL17 along with down-regulation of NF-κB activity. Repeated administration of NTP to AD-induced mice reduced the numbers of mast cells and eosinophils, IgE, CCL17, IFNγ levels, and inhibited NF-κB activity in the skin lesion. Furthermore, combined treatment with NTP and 1% hydrocortisone cream significantly decreased the immune responses of AD than that with either of these two treatments individually. Overall, this study revealed that NTP significantly inhibits several immune reactions of AD by regulating NF-κB activity. Therefore, NTP could be useful to suppress the exaggerated immune reactions in severe skin inflammatory diseases such as AD.
Highlights
Barrier reconstructing creams are often administered to Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients as a defensive second-line therapy
Several studies have reported various beneficial properties of non-thermal plasma (NTP) that can be adopted for use in the field of dermatology
The most well-known and broadly used medicinal property of NTP is its anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activity against various types of pathogens[35,36]. This function of NTP can be adopted for the treatment of skin diseases caused by microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria[37]
Summary
Barrier reconstructing creams are often administered to AD patients as a defensive second-line therapy. Such creams can intensify the barrier system of the skin by adding lipid coats that form a defensive layer atop the epidermis[16], but it has no or only a little anti-inflammatory activities. To elucidate the effects and mechanisms of NTP as a modulator of keratinocyte-mediated immune reactions, NTP treatment was performed in the presence and absence of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IFNγ, both of which play important roles in the development of AD. The effect of NTP on immune reactions in vivo was confirmed in DNCB-induced AD mice models, which were treated with NTP with or without co-treatment with 1% hydrocortisone cream (HC). This study will highlight the NTP as a new tool for controlling cutaneous inflammation of AD
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