Inhibition of growth of U87MG human glioblastoma cells by Usnea longissima Ach.

Bugrahan Emsen,Tubanur Engin,Hasan Turkez,Ozlem Ozdemir,Seyda Cavusoglu,Basak Togar

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201920180994

Bugrahan Emsen, Tubanur Engin + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920180994

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Abstract

Herbal medicines are efficient to reduce side effects in the fight against glioblastoma, which plays a critical role within brain cancer species. The recent studies designated for testing the effects of lichens that have shown numerous anticancer activities on glioblastoma so far. In the present study, different concentrations of water extract obtained from Usnea longissima Ach. were used in order to determine cytotoxic (via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase tests), antioxidant (via total antioxidant capacity test), pro-oxidant (via total oxidant status test) and genotoxic (via 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine test) effects of them on human U87MG-glioblastoma cancer cell lines. Primary mixed glial-neuronal non-cancerous cells from Sprague-Dawley rats were also utilized to measure the effects of treatments on non-cancerous cells. Based on median inhibitory concentration values, the data belonged to non-cancerous cells (2486.71 mg/L) showed distinct towering compared to U87MG (80.93 mg/L) cells. The viability of non-cancerous and U87MG cells exposed to extract is decreased in a dose dependent manner. It was also showed that low concentrations of extract notably increased total antioxidant capacity on non-cancerous cells. In addition, various phenolic compounds in extract were detected through high-performance liquid chromatography. The recent results encourage that extract will be able to have therapeutic potential against glioblastoma.

Highlights

Primary brain cancer (PBC) is responsible from 1.4% of all cancers and 2.4% of deaths associated with cancer when cancer patients and related patients are searched completely (Greenlee et al 2000)
high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to detect the active substances in U. longissima water extract (ULE), which had an antioxidant effect
Ten components were determined in ULE and they were identified as chlorogenic acid, p-cumaric acid, q-cumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, phlorodizin, protocatechuic acid, rutin, syringic acid and valinic (Table I)

Summary

Introduction

Primary brain cancer (PBC) is responsible from 1.4% of all cancers and 2.4% of deaths associated with cancer when cancer patients and related patients are searched completely (Greenlee et al 2000). PBC, which is the most common solid tumor in children, is the second largest cause of cancer deaths among children (Chamberlain and Kormanik 1998). PBC is responsible for only a small percentage of all cancers and cancer-related deaths in adults, quality of life of patients is severely affected negatively due to PBC (Chow et al 2014). 60% of all PBC is glioma (Chamberlain and Kormanik 1998). In classification of tumors of the central nervous system determined by the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO), glioblastoma (GBM) is included in high-grade gliomas (Louis et al 2016)

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