Mixture Design and Doehlert Matrix for the Optimization of the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Spondias mombin L Apple Bagasse Agroindustrial Residues.

Antonio C. Santos Felix,George E. Barreto,Cleber G. Novaes,Baraquizio B. do Nascimento,Lisandro D. Giraldez Alvarez,Maísla Pires Rocha

doi:10.3389/fchem.2017.00116

Abstract

In this study, we have determined, using RSM (mixture design and Doehlert matrix), the optimum values of the independent variables to achieve the maximum response for the extraction of total phenolic compounds from Spondias mombin L bagasse agroindustrial residues in order to preserve their antioxidant activity. The extraction of phenolic compounds, as well as their antioxidant capacity and the capacity to scavenge ABTS, was determined by the modified DPPH method at different periods of time, temperature, velocity of rotation and solvents concentration. We observed that the optimum condition for the highest antioxidant yield was obtained using water (60.84%), acetone (30.31%), and ethanol (8.85%) at 30°C during 20 min at 50 rpm. We have also found that the maximum yield of total phenolics was 355.63 ± 9.77 (mg GAE/100 g), showing an EC50 of 3,962.24 ± 41.20 (g fruit/g of DPPH) and 8.36 ± 0.30 (μM trolox/g fruit), which were measured using DPPH and ABTS assays. These results suggest that RSM was successfully applied for optimizing the extraction of phenolics compounds thus preserving their antioxidant activity.

Highlights

The consumption of fruit pulps has been highly recommended since dietary phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds and carotenoids
The antioxidant effect can be attributed to the reducing power of aromatic hydroxyl groups, which reduce the activity of highly reactive species and free radicals (Pereira et al, 2012)
We have determined the optimum values of the independent variables to achieve the maximum response for the extraction of total phenolics compounds from Spondias mombin L bagasse agroindustrial residues, preserving its antioxidant activity

Summary

Introduction

The consumption of fruit pulps has been highly recommended since dietary phytochemicals, such as phenolic compounds and carotenoids. Have been associated with the prevention of degenerative and chronic diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndromerelated disorders, and inflammation (Tanaka et al, 2012; Del Rio et al, 2013). Increased attention has been given to the fruits industry residues as abundantly available and cheap renewable feedstock for the production of value-added compounds like polyphenols (Sójka et al, 2013; Zhu et al, 2015). In Brazil, fresh fruits are consumed during the year or commercialized as frozen pulp. (Cajá) is distributed throughout Brazil, where this exotic fruit is known by a wide variety of regional names like cajá, taperebá, and cajá miúdo.

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Results

Conclusion