Inheritance of valuable productivity traits of hybrid combinations of local and foreign oat varieties in the conditions of the Trans-Ural region

Abstract

The results of studying the character of inheritance of valuable traits of the first-generation hybrids obtained from crossing foreign and domestic varieties of oats in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals are presented. The experiment was conducted on the experimental field of the Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture for Northern Trans-Ural Region in 2019 and 2020. The object of the study were 18 F1 hybrid populations and 6 parent varieties: Talisman, Otrada, Foma, Sang, Solidor and Ensiler. Productivity elements were evaluated according to the methodology of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. B.A. Dospekhov's methodology was used for statistical data processing. Inheritance of phenotypic traits was determined according to G.M. Beil and R.E. Atkins. Analysis of the yield structure elements demonstrated the lack of advantage of foreign selection varieties over the genotypes obtained in the Northern Trans-Urals. It has been established that the Otrada variety is not inferior to Sang, Solidor and Ensiler varieties in terms of panicle ear grain content and the thousand-kernel weight, and Foma is superior to them. It has been determined that crosses between the varieties of local and foreign selection have a high percentage of success (42–68%), which makes them promising in the breeding process. It has been revealed that 50% of hybrid combinations are characterized by depression in the trait "plant height" – the degree of phenotypic dominance in this case varies from –22.2 to –3.1 units. Crossing of Foma with foreign varieties ensured overdominance in the panicle height, its grain content and the thousand-kernel weight. According to the degree of phenotypic dominance of the productivity elements, the following promising hybrid combinations have been identified: Ensiler × Otrada, Sang × Otrada, Foma × Sang. In the above combinations, selection of high-yielding genotypes can be carried out from the second generation onwards. It is recommended to select promising lines among hybrid combinations, where one of the parental forms is the Foma variety, in the later generations. Hybrids of the first generation obtained from crossing the Talisman variety with Ensiler, Sang and Solidor varieties have no advantages over the parental forms and are unpromising for the breeding process.