Inheritance of Seed Productivity Characteristics in F1 Inter- and Intra-Species Hybrids of Oil Flax

Abstract

Knowledge of the nature of inheritance of traits of seed productivity in hybrid populations allows more efficient selection of highly heterozygous hybrids and rejection of low-value breeding material in the early stages of selection. Obtaining a qualitatively new source material of oilseed flax, created with the help of germplasm of wild species, requires genetic studies of traits associated with plant productivity, which are important in the selection of oilseed flax for high yields. Wild species of flax, such as L. angustifolium, L. hispanicum, L. bienne, L. crepitans are valuable genetic sources for obtaining disease-resistant forms, with early ripening, a large number of stems, side shoots, boxes on the plant. The aim of the research was to establish the features of inheritance of interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of the first generation of traits of seed productivity. The study was conducted at the Institute of Oilseeds NAAS in 2018-2019. The research material was interspecific and intraspecific hybrids of the first generation, obtained by crossing the full diallel scheme of two wild annual homostil species L. angustifolium and L. hispanicum and three samples of cultivated flax M 32/2 (IOC NAAS), L 5 (Czech Republic), L 6 (India), contrasting in terms of seed productivity (number of boxes per plant, number of seeds per plant, weight of 1000 seeds). Hybrids were studied in a hybrid nursery F1 according to the scheme: maternal form – direct and reverse hybrids F1 – paternal form. Structural analysis was performed on 10 plants of the parent components and on all F1 plants. The nature of the dominance of traits of seed productivity was determined by the degree of dominance (Beil, Atkins 1965). As a result of research it was established that the inheritance of the number of boxes on the plant in interspecific and intraspecific hybrids was dominated by positive overdominance (46,5% and 45,8%, respectively). In the inheritance of the number of seeds from the plant in interspecific hybrids, intermediate inheritance was predominant (44,7%); in intraspecific hybrids – positive supremacy (66,6%). On the basis of "weight of 1000 seeds" for interspecific and intraspecific hybrids, intermediate inheritance was predominant (95,9% and 62,5%, respectively). Our research allows us to conclude that the nature of inheritance of traits of seed productivity depends on a number of factors: genetic characteristics of experimental material, the studied trait, year conditions, type of crossing (interspecific or intraspecific). The obtained scientific data and genetic material have both theoretical and practical significance. The interspecific hybrid combinations M 32/2 / L. hispanicum, and L 6 / L. hispanicum and intraspecific M32/2 / L 6 and M32/2 / L 5 were isolated, in which heterosis was manifested by the number of boxes on the plant and the number of seeds from the plant. They will be used to create early-maturing varieties of oilseed flax with high seed productivity.