Inheritance of Seed Dormancy in Weedy Rice

Abstract

Seed dormancy contributes to the adaptability of plants in nature and is of considerable importance in agriculture. The weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) strains LD, SS18‐2, and TKN12‐2 and cultivar ‘N22’ were selected to investigate the inheritance of dormancy in controlled conditions. Initial investigations using intact seeds, caryopses, caryopses with pericarp/testa removed, and excised embryos demonstrated that seed dormancy was imposed by the hull in SS18‐2 and TKN12‐2, and by the hull and pericarp/testa in LD and N22. Seed dormancy at 0 d after harvest (DAH) was dominant with average degree of dominance (ADD) > 0.8 in the crosses with weedy strains. Dominance for duration of seed dormancy was incomplete when judged by days to 50% germination. Broad‐sense heritability (h2b) for seed germination was lower at 0 DAH and highest at 20 DAH in all the crosses. The weedy strain‐derived F2 populations maintained a higher h2b during afterripening. The effects of three and two major genes on seed germination at 20 DAH were detected in the SS18‐2‐ and N22‐derived F2 populations, respectively. A positive ADD, a high h2b, and major gene effect for caryopsis germination at 0 DAH were detected only in the cross with LD. Seed or caryopsis dormancy was correlated with the characteristics awn and black hull or red pericarp colors in the SS18‐2‐ or LD‐derived F2 populations. This research demonstrates that weedy rice provides ideal gene resources to elucidate mechanisms of dormancy and to improve resistance to preharvest sprouting.