Abstract

Pneumonia in invasively ventilated patients is a significant concern in the intensive care unit (ICU), often associated with increased morbidity, prolonged hospital stays, and high mortality rates. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens further complicates management. Inhaled antibiotics (IABs) have gained attention as an adjunctive or alternative treatment modality to systemic antibiotics, offering direct drug delivery to the lungs with potentially enhanced efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. This review explores the role of inhaled antibiotics in treating pneumonia in invasively ventilated patients, focusing on pharmacological considerations, clinical efficacy, safety profiles, and limitations. Relevant evidence is derived from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, incorporating the latest studies and clinical trials to provide a comprehensive understanding.

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