Ingested matter affects intestinal lesions in Crohnʼs disease

Abstract

Environmental factors of the modern Western lifestyle may trigger Crohn's disease (CD) in susceptible individuals. Because such factors could be part of ingested matter, we intended to improve intestinal Crohn's lesions by exclusion thereof. At first we tested a highly restricted diet (based on spelt bread and red meat, both derived from intensively monitored organic farming) in 5 pilot cases. In a subsequent controlled trial, 18 patients with mild-to-moderate CD were randomly assigned to receive either this active diet or a control diet (low-fiber, low-fat, and high-carbohydrate). Mucosal improvement was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopy. Secondary endpoints included sonography, the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ). Four of 5 pilot patients showed significant improvement within 4 weeks. From 18 patients in the controlled trial, 8 were randomized to the active and 10 to the control group; 4 decided to quit immediately after dietary counseling, 3 in the active and 1 in the control group (P = 0.183). At 6 weeks MRI and endoscopy showed improvement of intestinal lesions in 3 of 4 assessable patients of the active group and 1 of 9 patients of the control group (P = 0.027). Sonography showed improvement in 4 of 5 patients of the active group and in 1 of 8 assessable patients of the control group (P = 0.016). CDAI and IBDQ improved in both groups to a similar extent. Ingested matter as part of the modern Western lifestyle may cause persistence of intestinal Crohn's lesions.