Abstract
Water pollution is a pressing global concern, exacerbated by industrial effluents containing hazardous azo-dyes such as Trypan blue (TB) and Methyl orange (MO), which contaminate water bodies and threaten ecosystems. The scarcity of pure water intensifies the urgency to develop effective remediation strategies to tackle the toxic dye pollutants. In the present work, an attempt has been made to fabricate and utilize a novel ternary MOF-based SnO2/ZnO@MIL-101(Fe) photocatalyst for the removal of TB and MO dyes from an aqueous medium. The photocatalyst was characterized using various analytical techniques, like XRD, FTIR, UV-vis DRS, PL, SEM, TEM, and XPS, which provide insights into the composites’ crystal structure, morphology, and optical properties, which are crucial for understanding their photocatalytic behavior. The photocatalytic performance of the heterojunction was investigated under various reaction parameters such as catalyst dosage, initial concentration of dyes, and light irradiation time. The results demonstrated the superior performance of the SnO2/ZnO@MIL-101(Fe) composites in degrading the mono-azo and di-azo dyes under visible light irradiation via a photo-fenton process. The maximum degradation efficiency of 97.44 % and 98.8 % were obtained for TB and MO within 30 and 55 min, respectively. Furthermore, the change in the total organic carbon (TOC) was monitored to verify the degree of mineralization of the azo dyes. The extremely high dye degradation activity and TOC removal can be attributed to the formation of a suitable heterojunction interface between the components of the photocatalyst, leading to effective charge carrier transport and the generation of active radicals. Finally, based on the radical scavenging experiments, ESR, and VB-XPS analysis, a plausible mechanism for the photodegradation process was derived. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable water treatment technologies by providing insights into the design, fabrication, and utilization of novel composites for efficient remediation of dye-contaminated wastewater.
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