Infuence of fertilizers on botanical composition of cereal grasses of different maturity in the conditions of Prykarpattia

Abstract

The features of forming of cereal agrophytocenoses are investigated for growing on sod-podzolic soil of Prykarpattia depending on mineral fertilizers. It was established that all types of rhizomes were more durable in comparison with loosely bushy species and therefore they are suitable for long-term use in singlespecies crops and are mandatory components for longterm grass mixtures. Analysis of stability by years of use of sown species in single-species crops of perennial grasses by the share of sown crops in the crop showed that all seven species of cereal grasses (buckthorn, eastern fireweed, perennial fenugreek) the first three years were well kept in grasslands. On average, in 2011–2013, the share of sown crops varied between 73–91%. It is proved that according to the years of use, different species in single-species crops are kept differently in grasslands. In the third year, compared to the first year of use, the share of sown crops in non-dense shrub species, such as: comfrey, eastern fireweed, meadow thyme, in fact, has not changed — the level of variation over the years from 72 to 93%. The annual application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N90Р60К60 increased a part of the sown crop in the single-species agrocenosis of the єzhi team by an average of 5 %, perennial ryegrass — 4 %, beechless bellworm — 9 %, ordinary reeds — 7 %. In the third year of use, compared to the first year on nitrogen-free backgrounds, the linear growth of all species decreased from 34–103 to 28–93 cm or by 6–16 cm. as well as productivity of these cenoses, was stable and changed little on years of use. Most of the shoots of the sown crop were in the variant with red fire — in the range of 2443–2608 units/m2 , and the least — with meadow timothy (1451– 1507 units/m2 ). The number of shoots of sown culture in single-species agrocenoses of other cereals had an intermediate value compared to the above species. Among the non-dense shrub species, the exception was perennial fenugreek, the number of shoots of which in the third year of cultivation compared to the first year decreased from 1944–2090 to 1526– 1606 units/m2 , or 1.3 times, due to its biological feature, namely less resistance in extreme adverse weather conditions.