Abstract
Salvia limbata is an aromatic herb of Lamiaceae, which distributed in different parts of Iran. Studies have revealed that this species has several benefit compounds for human health. In this study, we investigated infra‒specific morphological difference in this species. In total, 21 inflorescence morphological features were evaluated in eight populations; ten individuals were evaluated per each population. Data were analysed using SPSS and MVSP softwares. Morphological traits highly differed among the studied populations and ANOVA test revealed significant differences among most of them. According to UPGMA tree, PCA and PCO plots of morphological characteristics, we reported four distinct phenotypes among the studied populations. CA. Joined plot revealed each of these group were characterized by special traits, which were useful in identification of them. Two phenotypes were monotypic, while the rest were composed of two to four populations. This species has a relative large geographical distribution, the distribution of its populations in diverse area will prevent the focus of natural selection in a given direct. Therefore different phenotypes were found in its different populations.
Highlights
In nature, the creation of infra‒specific difference can occur through a wide range of mechanisms such as local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, parental conditions and artificial selection (Violle et al, 2012). West‒Eberhard (1989) has believed that when it is resulted from plasticity, features can differ rapidly within generations and vary drastically across populations in dissimilar habitats
Morphological studies In current study, eight natural populations of S. limbata were harvested from different regions of the country (Table 1), and were identified according to descriptions provided in Flora of Iran (Jamzad, 2012)
Morphological traits differed among the studied populations
Summary
The creation of infra‒specific difference can occur through a wide range of mechanisms such as local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, parental conditions and artificial selection (Violle et al, 2012). West‒Eberhard (1989) has believed that when it is resulted from plasticity, features can differ rapidly within generations and vary drastically across populations in dissimilar habitats. The creation of infra‒specific difference can occur through a wide range of mechanisms such as local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, parental conditions and artificial selection (Violle et al, 2012). Salvia limbata is an aromatic herb of Lamiaceae that grows naturally in various regions of Iran and some neighboring countries (Guner, Ozhatay, Ekim, & Baser, 2000; Rechinger, 1982). Different flavone compounds such as ladanein, salvigenin, luteolin 7‒methyl ether, cirsiliol, eupatorin, luteolin 7‒O‒glucoside and rosmarinic acid were isolated from extracts of this plant (Gohari, Saeidnia, Malmir, Hadjiakhoondi, & Ajani, 2010). S. limbata has beneficial effects to decrease dependence sign produced by morphine and increase in pain threshold compared with the control (Alemy, Karami, Hossini, Ebrahimzadeh, & Shahbi‒Majd, 2012)
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