Abstract
Salvia nemorosa is widely distributed in different parts of Iran, while, there is no information about its population genetic structure and genetic diversity. The current information of its potential protection or conservation status in Iran is almost absent and unclear. Our investigation was the first molecular study of this medicinal species. We performed analysis of genetic variability and population structure of 11 populations of S. nemorosa in Iran using ISSR technique. We revealed intra and inter-population genetic diversity in the studied populations. Genetic parameters widely varied among the studied populations and confirmed their high genetic diversity. Moreover, AMOVA test showed significant molecular variation among and within the populations. The arrangement of populations and their individuals in NJ tree, PCA and MDS plots was in agreement with AMOVA results and individuals of five groups were overlapped. The Nm value showed low amount of gene flow among the populations. Based on STRUCTURE analysis and UPGMA tree of genetic distance, six genetic groups were identified among the studied populations, while two populations had significant differences and could be definite as ecotypes.
Highlights
Infraspecific variations provide the material regards the long and short-term evolutionary adaptation to seasonal and other rapid fluctuations in environmental conditions
47% of total genetic variability could be explained by genetic differentiation and 53% by intra-population diversity
AMOVA test revealed significant variations among the populations and as is typical for out-crossing herbs, the majority of genetic difference occurred at the intrapopulation level
Summary
Infraspecific variations provide the material regards the long and short-term evolutionary adaptation to seasonal and other rapid fluctuations in environmental conditions. Diminishing populations triggered the inbreeding, genetic drift and loss of genetic difference that make the organisms vulnerable to ecological changes (Ramel 1998). Myers (1997) has believed that populations’ loss can be more fatal than loss of species. Several studies (Chen 2000; Ellis & Burke 2007) confirmed that population genetics provides important data on genetic variation, inbreeding, self-pollination versus out-crossing, gene flow, the partitioning of genetic variability intra and inter populations, and on effective size of population. The results of population genetics investigation are useful in conservation management of important medicinal plants
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