Information support for decision-making in emergency situations

Abstract

In this article, the technology of information support for decision-making in the event of natural and technogenic emergencies is considered. Its implementation was carried out using the created information system (IS) for predicting the consequences of emergency situations, which is based on a single information space of the territory of the subject of the Russian Federation. The paper proposes an approach to creating an IS based on a distributed, peer-to-peer architecture when information resources (in relation to the considered IS) are not only presented as data, but also as various applications of basic ISs. A geographical information system is used as a basic one for solving problems of forecasting development and consequences of emergency situations. The decision support subsystem meets the following requirements: provides forecasts of occurrence and development of emergency situations in the form of predictive bulletins for review and approval of the management; provides paperwork for submission to rapid response services. Calculation of consequences of emergency situations is based on the following methods: assessment of consequences of accidents at explosive and fire-hazardous objects; forecasting and assessment of medical consequences of accidents at explosive and fire-hazardous objects; predicting the extent of contamination with highly toxic substances in accidents (destruction) at hazardous chemical facilities and transport; predicting possible accidents, catastrophes, and natural disasters; assessing damage from man-made, natural and terrorist emergencies, as well as classifying and recording them.