Abstract

ABSTRACT The metaphorical adoption of the concepts of information, programme and signal introduced into biology the logic and implicit causal structure of the mathematical theories of information; this is inimical to biology. In turn, those metaphors have hindered the development of a theory of organisms by transferring the agency of organisms to natural selection and to DNA. Moreover, those metaphors introduced into biology the dualism software–hardware and a Laplacian causal structure. Instead, we propose to uphold the agency of the living by adopting three foundational principles for a theory of organisms: namely, (1) the principle of biological inertia (i.e. the default state of cells is proliferation and motility), (2) the principle of variation, and (3) the principle of organization.

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