Influencia de las redes sociales en la autoestima, imagen corporal y satisfacción corporal de adolescentes y jóvenes

Abstract

Objective: to explore the relationship between the use of social networks and the self-esteem, body image and body satisfaction of adolescents and young adults. Methods: a narrative review was conducted. There was a bibliographic search in the PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo databases, for articles published during the 2017-2022 period, using the descriptors “young adult”, “adolescent”, “social media”, “body dissatisfaction”, “body image” and “self-concept”; as well as natural language. Articles with a male and/or female population sample between 12 and 30 years of age were included., with social networks mentioned generically or specifically (Instagram, TikTok and/or Facebook), and analysing the relationship between social networks and some of the following constructs: self-esteem, corporal image, and/or body satisfaction/dissatisfaction, either individually or as a whole. Results: out of the 536 initial records, 29 articles met the selection criteria and were reviewed in depth. Findings were grouped into four themes associated with the constructs to be studied: social comparison, feedback, dedication, and trends in social networks. Conclusion: social networks have a negative impact on body satisfaction and body image, although their impact on self-esteem is influenced by the feedback received for the images published and the time invested. The new #bodypositive trend is associated with higher psychological, social and emotional wellbeing, healthier habits and improvements in self-care, as well as being a protective factor against body dissatisfaction. It is necessary to develop Nursing interventions for health promotion and prevention in the school and community settings, based on these findings.