Abstract
Zirconium doped calcium phosphate-based bioglasses are the most prominent bioactive materials for bone and dental repair and regeneration implants. In the present study, a 8ZnO–22Na2O–(24 − x)CaO–46P2O5–xZrO2 (0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.7, all are in mol%) bioglass system was synthesized by the conventional melt-quenching process at 1100 °C. The glass-forming ability and thermal stability of the glasses were determined by measuring the glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting temperature (Tm), using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The biological activity of the prepared samples was identified by analyzing X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectra (SEM-EDS), before and after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for various intervals of 0, 1 and 5 days, along with the magnitude of pH and the degradation of glasses also evaluated. The obtained results revealed that the glass-forming ability and thermal stability of glasses increased with the increase in zirconia mol%. The XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS data confirmed a thin hydroxyapatite (HAp) layer over the sample surface after incubation in SBF for 1 and 5 days. Furthermore, the development of layer found to be increased with the increase of incubation time. The degradation of the glasses in SBF increased with incubation time and decreased gradually with the increase content of ZrO2 mol% in the host glass matrix. A sudden rise in initial pH values of residual SBF for 1 day owing to ion leaching and increase of Ca2+ and PO43− ions and then decreased. These findings confirmed the suitability of choosing material for bone-related applications.
Highlights
Bioactive glasses are the widely used surface reactive inorganic biomaterials in engineering, essentially for the repair and regeneration of damaged soft and hard bone tissues [1,2,3,4]. 45S5 bioglass is the well-known and widely used bioactive glass developed by Professor Larry Hench and his co-workers in 1969 [5]; comprised of inorganic oxides in a specific molar ratios and has exhibited thriving biological properties such as in vitro bioactivity, osteostimulative and osteoconductive properties
We have considered that silica free zinc calcium phosphate glasses mixed with small quantities of
The increasing aggregation effect of ZrO2 on the glass network and slow mobility of large Zr ions, zirconia is due to an increase in the average crosslink density through non-bridging oxygen ions which lead to more rigidity of the glass network
Summary
Bioactive glasses are the widely used surface reactive inorganic biomaterials in engineering, essentially for the repair and regeneration of damaged soft and hard bone tissues [1,2,3,4]. 45S5 bioglass is the well-known and widely used bioactive glass developed by Professor Larry Hench and his co-workers in 1969 [5]; comprised of inorganic oxides (viz., SiO2 , Na2 O, CaO, and P2 O5 ) in a specific molar ratios and has exhibited thriving biological properties such as in vitro bioactivity, osteostimulative and osteoconductive properties. 45S5 bioglass is the well-known and widely used bioactive glass developed by Professor Larry Hench and his co-workers in 1969 [5]; comprised of inorganic oxides (viz., SiO2 , Na2 O, CaO, and P2 O5 ) in a specific molar ratios and has exhibited thriving biological properties such as in vitro bioactivity, osteostimulative and osteoconductive properties. These special qualities made the bioglass a biocompatible and Materials 2020, 13, 4058; doi:10.3390/ma13184058 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials. This can be resolved by incorporating suitable transition metal ions, such as TiO2 , MgO, ZnO, CuO, Fe2 O3 , etc., to phosphate glass network in appropriate amounts
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