Influence of varying titanium base abutment heights on retention of zirconia restorations: An in vitro study

Abstract

Implant manufacturers have introduced titanium base (Ti-Base) abutments with increased abutment heights, ostensibly, to increase the retention of the bonded restoration and to improve overall strength. However, evidence regarding the effects of increasing Ti-Base height on improving retention is lacking. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different Ti-Base abutment heights on the retention of zirconia implant-supported crowns. Thirty Ti-Base abutments of the same diameter and heights of 3.5mm (n=10), 4.5mm (n=10), and 5.5mm (n=10), were used for testing. Zirconia restorations were cemented onto the Ti-Base abutments with a resin cement after treatment with a 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate primer by a single operator using a positioning device. The zirconia-Ti-Base restorations were tightened to an implant analog embedded in an autopolymerizing resin block. The specimens were placed and tested in a universal testing machine for pull-out testing. Retention was measured by recording the force at load drop. Statistical analysis was performed using 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey method for pairwise comparisons. The abutment height had a significant effect on retention (P=.010). Ti-Base abutments of 4.5 and 5.5mm had significantly greater retention than Ti-Base abutments of 3.5mm (P=.020, P=.040, respectively). However, Ti-Base abutments of 4.5 and 5.5mm in height were statistically similar (P=.890). An increase in the height of Ti-Base abutments above the standard 3.5mm height significantly improved the retention of the overlying restoration.