Influence of various combinations of mucolytic agent and non-ionic surfactant on intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed hydrophilic compounds

Abstract

The absorption enhancing effects of various combinations of a mucolytic agent and a non-ionic surfactant on the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed hydrophilic compounds were examined. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran with an average molecular weight of ca. 4.4 kDa (FD-4) was used as a model compound. Cysteine derivatives such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), S-carboxymethylcysteine (SCMC), S-ethylcysteine (SEC), and S-methylcysteine (SMC) were selected as mucolytic agents. A homogeneous series of single chain polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers were employed as non-ionic surfactants. Various dosing solutions were administered into rat jejunum, and the bioavailability of FD-4 was determined. Unlike NAC, the agents such as SCMC, SEC, and SMC, which do not possess a free thiol group, did not show any apparent enhancement of intestinal FD-4 absorption, when they were co-administered with p- t-octyl phenol polyoxyethylene-9.5 (Triton ® X-100, TX-100). In addition, the absorption enhancement was dependent on the kinds of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers used, when used in combination with NAC. For a constant alkyl chain of 12 with a varying polyoxyethylene (POE) chain length, the surfactant with a short to medium POE chain length such as lauryl poly (4.2) oxyethylene ether (BL-4.2) and lauryl poly (9) oxyethylene ether (BL-9) were effective. In addition, for a constant alkyl chain of 18 with a varying POE chain length, the surfactants with a longer POE chain length such as oleyl poly (15) oxyethylene ether (BO-15) and stearyl poly (20) oxyethylene ether (BS-20) showed the effective enhancement. All these results suggest that a mucolytic agent not possessing a free thiol group is not effective for enhancing the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbed hydrophilic compounds. Also, they indicate that the combination of a mucolytic agent possessing a free thiol group and a non-ionic surfactant either with a short to medium POE chain length and a medium alkyl chain length, or with a longer POE chain length and a longer alkyl chain length shows the effective enhancement. This fundamental information might be useful for finding the optimal combination.