Abstract
Loss of green space habitats and landscape fragmentation are important reasons for the decline in environmental quality, degradation of ecosystem functions, and decline in biodiversity. Quantifying the spatio-temporal characteristics of landscape fragmentation of green space and its relationship with urban expansion mode is an important basis for improving urban development mode and enhancing urban ecological functions. For this paper, we took the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration as the research object, a typical rapidly urbanizing area. Through multi-scale landscape pattern analysis and statistical analysis, the spatial–temporal evolution characteristics of green space fragmentation in the BTH urban agglomeration from 2000 to 2020 and the influence of urban expansion were analyzed, and the land-use situation in 2030 was predicted by the Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model. The main conclusions are as follows: The BTH urban agglomeration has developed rapidly in the last 20 years, showing the characteristics of diffusion and corridor development. The intensity and pattern of urban expansion have significantly affected the pattern of green space, leading to the intensification of domestic green space fragmentation. Among them, urban expansion exerts most severe effects on the fragmentation of farmland, followed by grassland and water. The influence of urban expansion on the scale and fragmentation of forestland is limited. The forecast results in 2030 show that built-up areas may continue to occupy green space. The rate of occupation of farmland will slow down while that of grassland will intensify.
Highlights
Urban growth is occurring at an unprecedented rate worldwide
Under the background of new urbanization and ecological civilization construction [20], while advancing urban development step by step, we must improve the ecological quality of the city, reduce the negative impact of urban expansion on the ecological environment, and scientifically explore a reasonable way to effectively coordinate the relationship between the demand for built-up areas and green space protection, so as to realize the coordinated development of urban expansion and green space [21]
From the perspective of spatial distribution (Figure 2), limited by natural conditions such as topography and development strategy, cities are mainly concentrated in the flat southern plain, which is conducive to population gathering and urban development
Summary
Urban growth is occurring at an unprecedented rate worldwide. As the most direct manifestation of the urbanization process, urban expansion is a powerful sign of progress in social civilizations, a vital result of social and economic development [2]. It poses both opportunities and challenges for the sustainability transition toward long-term balances between human needs and the planet’s environmental capacities [3,4]. The rapid economic development and population growth have contributed to the unprecedented expansion of urban land [11,12]. Under the background of new urbanization and ecological civilization construction [20], while advancing urban development step by step, we must improve the ecological quality of the city, reduce the negative impact of urban expansion on the ecological environment, and scientifically explore a reasonable way to effectively coordinate the relationship between the demand for built-up areas and green space protection, so as to realize the coordinated development of urban expansion and green space [21]
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