Abstract
ABSTRACT: Weeds cause considerable damage to rice crop. To ascertain the influence of different weed management practices under different tillage systems, a field experiment was conducted during 2014-15. Experimental design was RCB with split-plot arrangement and with a net plot size of 6 x 2 m. Three tillage systems viz; zero tillage with glyphosate application and conventional tillage with and without stale seed bed, and seven weed management treatments viz; weedy check, manual weeding, oxadiargyl as pre-emergence, pyrazosulfuron as pre-emergence, pyrazosulfuron as post-emergence, fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride as post-emergence and fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride as post-emergence. Results revealed that all treatments including tillage systems and herbicides significantly (p<0.05) affected weed density and weed dry biomass. Minimum weed density (229.22, 159.22 and 127.77 m-2) and weed dry biomass (68.01, 49.29 and 41.08 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 DAS (days after sowing) were recorded for pyrazosulfuron (as pre-emergence), respectively, followed by fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (as post-emergence). Maximum 1000-kernel weight and kernel yield (19.15 g and 3.45 ton ha-1) were recorded for weed free treatments and it was 12 and 57% higher than weedy check. Maximum net benefit and benefit to cost ratio (USD$ 817 ha-1 and 1.76, respectively) were recorded for pyrazosulfuron applied at either pre- or post-emergence stage under zero tillage system. Conclusively, pyrazosulfuron (as pre-emergence) and fenoxaprop-ethyle + sodium fluoride (as post-emergence) gave the best weed control under conventional tillage with stale seed bed system, while pyrazosulfuron exhibited maximum benefit-cost ratio under zero tillage system.
Highlights
Rice is consumed as a staple food by more than half of the world population (Chauhan and Johnson, 2011)
Using transplanting technique for rice cultivation in which first rice nursery is growing on beds and nursery seedling are transplanted after 30-40 days and flooded field (Ehsanullah et al, 2007; Chauhan, 2012)
Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is an alternate strategy to tackle the issues of water scarcity and labour shortage (Ladha et al, 2003; Bhushan et al, 2007; Weerakoon et al, 2011)
Summary
Rice is consumed as a staple food by more than half of the world population (Chauhan and Johnson, 2011). Using transplanting technique for rice cultivation in which first rice nursery is growing on beds and nursery seedling are transplanted after 30-40 days and flooded field (Ehsanullah et al, 2007; Chauhan, 2012) This method suppresses weeds and provides an enhanced growing environment to the rice plants. This transplanting method usually needs a large quantity of water available to the crop for the entire growth period (Bhushan et al, 2007; Rao et al, 2007; Chauhan and Johnson, 2011; Sartori et al, 2013). Keeping in view the importance of rice and losses due to weeds in DSR, a field experiment was carried out with the aim to estimate the efficiency of some pre- and post-emergence herbicides for weed control in the direct-seeded rice crop grown under different tillage systems and to evaluate the agronomic and economic returns of DSR under different tillage systems and weed control methods
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