Abstract
Like most industrial enterprises, the oil industry can have an impact on the environment at several stages. The greatest impact is exerted by the release of waste into the environment in unnatural concentrations. In almost all cases, adverse impacts can be minimized or eliminated by implementing an appropriate waste management plan. In the past few years, the oil industry has been paying more attention to minimizing the environmental impact of its activities at all major stages of the life cycle of a hydrocarbon reservoir: from appraisal to field development, from production and production to decommissioning. As a consequence, the oil industry faces significant technical challenges, with great interest and anticipation in emerging technologies such as nanotechnology and alternative solutions such as underground CO2 storage.
Highlights
Oil and its production have become an integral part of our society
As the system is operating, productivity is approaching the limit of profitable operation due to the progressive loss of energy in the system: further operation of the reservoir may require the use of enhanced oil recovery (IOR) and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques
The air quality problem becomes even more important for steam thermal enhanced oil recovery technologies used for the production of heavy oil, superheavy oil and bitumen due to toxic emissions associated with steam generators [7,8]
Summary
Oil and its production have become an integral part of our society. Its appearance marked a new era - the era of hydrocarbons. In those days, they could not think with what force this type of industry would grow. Oil fields occupy hundreds, if not thousands, of square kilometers of area, literally, in all natural zones of our planet. Growing environmental concerns have generated new understandings that are propelling today's societies, industry and governments to safer preserving our planet. The oil industry faces significant technical challenges that are driving it towards more efficient, less costly and environmentally friendly solutions. Increasing hopes are pinned on emerging technologies such as nanotechnology, which have already made breakthroughs in innovative and environmentally friendly technologies in many other areas of industry [2]
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