Influence of the nervous and emotional tension of the labor process on the body of pedagogical and medical workers

Abstract

Introduction. The impact of high information and neuro-emotional loads on teachers and medical workers contributes to professional stress and the development of production-related diseases. The development of preventive programs in health-saving behavior is quite relevant. It reveals the need to study the peculiarities of the labor activity in employees of pedagogical labor and the medical sphere. The study aims to substantiate hygienic and medical-preventive programs to prevent the development of overstrain and maintain health in pedagogical and medical workers with different work intensities. Materials and methods. Researchers carried out comprehensive physiological and hygienic studies, a hygienic assessment of the intensity of the labor process, and factors of the production environment. We have a questionnaire survey and the results of medical examinations of teachers and surgeons. Scientists did physiological studies on the state of the cardiovascular system with characteristics of the response to stress loads (ECG recording on a 12-channel electrocardiograph and continuously using Holter monitoring, determination of systemic blood pressure). We calculated the total risk of fatal cardiovascular complications on the SCORE scale. Researchers carried out statistical processing of the obtained data using the statistical program EpiInfo 3.5.2., Statistika 10, Microsoft Excel 2010. Results. 85.7% of medical university teachers have chronic diseases, and diseases of the circulatory system prevail in the structure of morbidity, the frequency of which increases with age. The results of the questionnaire survey established the priority behavioral risk factors for teachers. There is a high (from >5% to 10%) and very high (>10%) absolute risk of fatal cardiovascular complications on the SCORE scale in teachers. In surgeons, the study of the features and degree of adequacy of the cardiovascular system's response to stress during work revealed the tension of the regulatory mechanisms of the circulatory system, which indicates a decrease in the functional capabilities of the myocardium. Conclusions. Neuro-emotional stress of work is the leading professional factor in the teaching staff of higher medical education (2 permissible, 3 class of harmfulness of the 1st degree) and surgeons (class 3.2). It determines the formation of the functional state of neuropsychiatric tension.