Abstract
The problem of the quality of rock preparation before blasting for the further processing has been considered. The data that can solve the problem of keeping explosion products in the charging chamber, increasing productivity of mining companies have been presented. Based on field tests and further processing of the obtained data, conclusions on solving the relevant problem have been made.
Highlights
Despite economic problems, both in the country and in the mining industry, the scope of mining is increasing significantly
- maximum release of potential energy [3, 4, 5], prevention of energy loss during detonation and its completeness; - higher initial gas pressure, as well as bigger effective length of the blast wave, which determines the value of the line of least resistance (LLR) according to the theory of rock destruction by a reflected wave [6]; - greater piston action of the explosion products (EP) on the walls of the explosive cavity and length of the radial cracks formed during the explosion
Current theoretical and empirical relationships for determining the most optimal characteristics of the stemming often cannot take into account the following aspects [7, 8, 9]: - the influence of the properties of the stemming materials on its ability to burst at the mouth of the blast hole, density change under the pressure, as well as the possible movement under the action of EP; - EP delay time for various initiation methods; - changes in pressure as EP come out of the explosive cavity at different design stemming, etc
Summary
Despite economic problems, both in the country and in the mining industry, the scope of mining is increasing significantly. Fierce economic competition dictates requirements for the efficiency of mining operations, as well as increased productivity of mining companies. Despite the well-established rules for blasting, there are doubts about the need for stemming as one of the main factors for increasing the efficiency (efficiency factor) and increasing the blast hole efficiency ratio (BER). These disagreements arise due to technical and technological reasons. The abolition of the stemming is often caused by economic reasons, namely specific conditions of a particular area where a mining company is located. There are opinions, attempts to theoretically and practically prove the insignificant effectiveness of stemming [1, 2]
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