INFLUENCE OF THE BREED AND BREEDING METHODS OF PIGS ON THEIR REPRODUCTIVE QUALITIES AND GROWTH OF SUCKLING PIGLETS

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to study the dependence of the reproductive productivity of sows of English origin and the intensity of growth of their offspring on the direction of their selection for purebred (internally linear) breeding, crossing and hybridization and the influence of breed and breeding methods on their manifestation, as well as the degree of phenotypic dominance under direct and reverse crossing of parent breeds. It was established that the sows of the parental synthetic line were inferior to their counterparts of the maternal genotypes in terms of fertility, litter weight of piglets at birth, number of piglets at weaning, had a higher proportion of non-viable piglets at farrowing, but showed higher fertility, average daily and absolute gains, average weight of one piglet at weaning and better preservation of piglets until weaning. It was proved that under the conditions of hybridization, domestic sows surpassed animals of the original maternal form only in terms of average daily growth, while animals of the parental form they prevailed in terms of multifertility, number of piglets at weaning, weight of the nest at birth and at weaning and were inferior to them in terms of high fertility, growth intensity, mass one piglet at weaning and preservation. It was found that when two mother breeds were crossed, the effect of phenotypic dominance appeared in almost all indicators of reproductive performance, and its level depended on the combination of parent breeds. It was proved that the breed factor had a probable influence on the number of piglets at weaning and the weight of the nest of weaned piglets. The method of pig breeding likely influenced the weight of one piglet at weaning, the weight of their litter during this period, and the number of piglets at weaning. The interaction of these two factors had an impact on the survival of the herd, on the number of piglets and the weight of the nest of piglets at weaning.