Abstract
In this study, the vibrational properties of single- and double-layer graphene sheets (GSs) with attached nanoparticles are analyzed based on the nonlocal elasticity theory. The potential applications of atomic-scale mass sensing are presented using GSs with simply supported boundary condition. The frequency equation for GSs with an attached nanoparticle is derived to investigate the vibration frequency of the GSs under thermal environment. Using the proposed model, the relationship between the frequency shifts of graphene-based mass sensor and the attached nanoparticles is obtained. The nonlocal effect and the temperature dependence on the variation of frequency shifts with the attached nanomass and the positions on the GS are investigated and discussed in detail. The obtained results show that the nanomass can be easily detected by using GS resonator which provides a highly sensitive nanomechanical element in sensor systems. The vibrational frequency shift of GS increases with increasing the temperature dependence. The double-layer GSs (DLGSs) have higher sensitivity than the single-layer GSs (SLGSs) due to high frequency shifts.
Highlights
Graphene sheets (GSs) are an excellent two-dimensional (2D) material, and have drawn attention in recent years
The present theory, the relationship between shiftsfor of attaching the graphene-based massissensor andUsing the attached nanoparticles is investigated in detail. the frequency shifts of the graphene-based mass sensor and the attached nanoparticles is investigated in detail
The vibration mode takes the fundamental frequency m = n = 1, and the anti-phase vibration for the double-layer graphene sheets (DLGSs), in which the deflection of the upper and lower layers occurs in the opposite direction
Summary
Graphene sheets (GSs) are an excellent two-dimensional (2D) material, and have drawn attention in recent years. One relevant application of the GSs is given by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) which can be obtained by rolling a graphene sheet into a cylinder Due to their mechanical and physical properties, CNTs are applied as ultrahigh-frequency nano-mechanical resonators in a large number of NEMS such as sensors, oscillators and charge detectors [8,9,10,11,12,13,14]. Graphene sheets to be excellent materials for Some structures of nanomechanical resonators because theyappear can generate terahertzelement frequency vibration. There is very little investigation of frequency of double-layer graphene sheets (DLGSs) used as mass sensors and how temperature the resonant frequency of double-layer graphene sheets (DLGSs) used as mass sensors and how affects the vibration frequency of GSs [27]. The frequency shifts of the graphene-based mass sensor and the attached nanoparticles is investigated in detail The present theory, the relationship between shiftsfor of attaching the graphene-based massissensor andUsing the attached nanoparticles is investigated in detail. the frequency shifts of the graphene-based mass sensor and the attached nanoparticles is investigated in detail
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