Abstract
Nanoelectromechanical resonator sensors based on graphene sheets (GS) show ultrahigh sensitivity to vibration. However, many factors such as the layer number and dimension of the GSs will affect the sensor characteristics. In this study, an analytical model is proposed to investigate the vibration behavior of double-layered graphene sheets (DLGSs) with attached nanoparticles. Based on nonlocal continuum mechanics, the influences of the layer number, dimensions of the GSs, and of the mass and position of nanoparticles attached to the GSs on the vibration response of GS resonators are discussed in detail. The results indicate that nanomasses can easily be detected by GS resonators, which can be used as a highly sensitive nanomechanical element in sensor systems. A logarithmically linear relationship exists between the frequency shift and the attached mass when the total mass attached to GS is less than about 1.0 zg. Accordingly, it is convenient to use a linear calibration for the calculation and determination of attached nanomasses. The simulation approach and the parametric investigation are useful tools for the design of graphene-based nanomass sensors and devices.
Highlights
Graphene sheets (GSs) have attracted great attention due to their extraordinary mechanical, electrical and thermal properties [1,2,3]
The vibration mode is taken to be the fundamental frequency of = = 1, and the anti-phase mode in which the deflection of the upper and lower layers in double-layered graphene sheets (DLGSs) occurs in the opposite direction
Based on nonlocal elasticity theory, we present a vibration analysis of supported DLGSs carrying an attached mass, taking the small-scale effect into account
Summary
Graphene sheets (GSs) have attracted great attention due to their extraordinary mechanical, electrical and thermal properties [1,2,3] These fascinating carbon nanomaterials have many potential applications, such as reinforced materials, solar cells, molecule sensors and nanomechanical resonators [4,5,6,7,8,9]. Based on a continuum elastic model, Lei et al [39] analyzed the sensitivity of frequency shift of an atomic-resolution nanomechanical mass sensor modeled by a circular SLGS with attached nanoparticles. We explore the potential of DLGSs used as a NEMS mass sensor, considering that DLGSs have higher strength and vibration frequency than SLGSs. Based on a nonlocal continuum theory, the influences of the mass and position of attached nanoparticles, of the dimensions of DLGSs, and of nonlocal parameters on the vibration response of DLGS sensor are investigated in detail
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