Influence of Surface Finish on Flexural Strength and Microhardness of Indirect Resin Composites and the Effect of Thermal Cycling

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of surface finish and thermal cycling procedures on flexural strength and surface microhardness of three indirect resin composites, Artglass®, Signum®, and Solidex®. The specimens were prepared in sufficient number and size according to flexural and microhardness test requirements (n = 10). Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis was also used for studying the morphology, dispersion, and elemental compositions of fillers. The EDX results showed that Artglass contained 1.57% aluminium oxide (Al2O3), 53.29% silicon dioxide (SiO2), and 2.62% barium oxide (BaO); Signum had 55.69% silicon dioxide (SiO2) and Solidex had 44.99% silicon dioxide (SiO2) of total mass. Artglass appeared to display the best flexural strength values under all the test conditions employed (range: 116.8 ± 32.18 to 147.8 ± 47.97 MPa), and it was followed by Signum (range: 93.7 ± 22.84 to 118.0 ± 33.45 MPa). Thermal cycling did not seem to have affected the flexural strength of Artglass and Signum (p > 0.05); however, it led to a significant decrease, from (110.5 ± 20.69 MPa) to 74.0 ± 13.30 MPa (p < 0.001), in the strength of polished Solidex specimens. While surface microhardness of the three materials increased by polishing (Artglass: 55.7 ± 2.64/74.1 ± 8.63 Vickers Hardness Numbers (VHN); Signum: 44.8 ± 3.12/60.7 ± 4.50 VHN; Solidex: 44.0 ± 2.31/53.4 ± 3.58 VHN for unpolished/polished specimens), thermal cycling had a deleterious effect on this property (p < 0.001).