Abstract
Liquefied wood is one of the phenolic resin. However, unlike commercial phenolic resins that are normally synthesized by the chemical reaction between phenol and formaldehyde, liquefied wood is usually produced by reacting phenol with wood-derived materials, and catalyst at 120-180◦C. Depending on whether the catalyst is a base or a acid, the formed resin is a thermoset or a thermoplastic. In this study, wood liquefaction was prepared from a cashew nut shell waste (CNSW), phenol, and sulfuric acid catalyst. The cashew nut shell waste is taken from Binh Phuoc province - Vietnam and crushed to a size of less than 500 mm. Phenol and sulfuric acid catalyst are chemical experiments. The powder of cashew nut shell waste, phenol, and sulfuric acid were mixed and reacted at 150oC for different soaking times. An optimal soaking temperature time was determined through a cashew nut shell waste residue content in wood liquefaction products. The wood liquefaction products also were determined by a number average molecular weight (Mn) and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) by Gel permeation chromatography method (GPC); the function groups by Fourier Transform Infrared method (FT-IR). The results showed that the formed resin is thermoplastic and the optimal soaking time to prepared liquefied wood is 180 minutes. This sample has a residual cashew nut shell waste ratio of 9.44%, a number average molecular weight of 7552, and a weight average molecular weight of 10640. The liquefied wood from cashew nut shell waste can be used as a binder in the manufacture of the medium density fiberboard (MDF) or as a material to promote the sintered process in the production of woodceramic materials. In addition, the liquefied wood can also be pyrolyzed to form carbon fiber. Carbon fiber can be applied as reinforcing materials for ceramic products.
Highlights
Phenolic resin is a resin synthesized from the phenol and formaldehyde
cashew nut shell waste (CNSW) were mixed with the ratio of 2/1 and 5% sulfuric acid According to the amount of phenol used
Optimum soaking time was determined by analyzing properties such as vibrational units of functional groups by Fourier Transform Infrared method (FT-IR) method; Wood liquefaction reaction efficiency through assessment of residual CNSW ratio; The number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) by Gel chromatography (GPC) method
Summary
Phenolic resin is a resin synthesized from the phenol and formaldehyde. It was commercialized and was put into industrial production in the early 20th century. Liquefied wood is one of the methods that have been studied 3 By this method, the wood will be transformed into a high-molecular material with a strong odor and dark black color by giving the phenol or multi-functional alcohol to react with a catalyst. The wood will be transformed into a high-molecular material with a strong odor and dark black color by giving the phenol or multi-functional alcohol to react with a catalyst This transformed process is complicated and has many products to form. There have been many studies to fabricate wood liquefaction such as: using wood to react with polyethylene glycol/ glycerol/ polyhydric alcohol, and catalytic sulfuric acid at 150oC to create wood liquefaction [4,5,6]. Types of agricultural waste can be mentioned as the fruit of oil palm 12, the wood of Japanese cedar 13, waste paper 14, bagasse 15, corn stover 16
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