Influence of smoking on cardiometabolic profile and surgical outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism. A cohort study

Abstract

Abstract Aim To evaluate the influence of smoking on cardiometabolic profile and surgical outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA). Methods Multicenter retrospective study of patients with PA in 36 Spanish tertiary hospitals with available information on smoking habits (smokers and non-smokers [never smokers and ex-smokers]). Results A total of 881 patients were included, of whom 180 (20.4%) were classified as smokers and 701 as non-smokers. At diagnosis, smokers and non-smokers did not differ in blood pressure or serum potassium levels between. However, smokers had a higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) than non-smokers (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.25), and smokers were more likely to have severe LVH than non-smokers (12.5% vs. 6.6%, P=0.164). A larger mean tumor size of the adrenal nodule/s was observed in the smoking group (18.6±9.66 vs. 15.8±8.66 mm, P=0.002). In addition, the odds of mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) was greater in smokers than in non-smokers (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.14 to 4.06), but these differences disappeared when adjusted for the size of the adrenal nodule/s (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 0.76 to 3.37). The rate of biochemical and hypertension cure was similar in both groups; however, hypertension cure tended to be more frequent in the non-smoker group (41.2% vs 29.9%, P=0.076). Conclusions Patients with PA who smoke have a higher prevalence of LVH and MACS and larger adrenal nodule/s than non-smokers. Smoking has no significant effect on the probability of hypertension response after adrenalectomy in patients with PA.