Abstract
Titanium has been widely used as biomaterial, especially in implantables, in which osseointegration and corrosion resistance are needed. Studies have shown that the thickness and roughness of porous titanium oxides are related to the osseointegration. According to the literature, the best anodizing conditions for obtaining nanotubes in titanium oxide are the use of a voltage of 10V in an electrolyte containing 0.15% HF in H3PO4 (w/v). In this study, was to evaluate the corrosion capacity of simulated body fluid (SBF) over titanium samples anodized on 1 mol. L-1 H3PO4 and 0.15% HF (w/v) in 1 mol.L-1 H3PO4. To perform these evaluations samples of commercially pure titanium grade 2 were used. Samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and by electrochemical corrosion tests in healthy and simulating inflammatory conditions. The hydrophobicity of oxides was tested by sessile drop essay, also using SBF. Results show that oxides obtained in H3PO4 electrolyte, barrier type oxides, work better than the porous oxides obtained in H3PO4/HF electrolyte, suggesting that barrier oxide exhibit more biomaterial characteristics than the porous oxide. These results agree with previous studies, and stand out mainly in relation to the tests performed under inflammatory conditions, more aggressive to the biomaterial.
Highlights
Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in the biomedical area, mainly in orthopedic and dental implants and /or prostheses, due to their characteristics of biomaterial (Dubruel et al, 2006; Kang et al, 2010; Park et al, 2012)
The increasement of the potential over the first seconds of the process is related to the thickness of the oxide and the low value of 10 V indicates the formation of fine oxide (c and d) (C.J.Dell’Oca et al, 1971)
Even with the low current density observed during anodization and the transients behaving in a way in different anodizing electrolytes, the formation of nanotubes in the titanium samples anodized with 1 mol L-1 aquous solution of H3PO4 added of 0.15% (w/v) HF, was expected due to the presence of HF in the electrolyte, causing oxide transition of the barrier type to the porous type
Summary
Titanium and its alloys have been widely used in the biomedical area, mainly in orthopedic and dental implants and /or prostheses, due to their characteristics of biomaterial (Dubruel et al, 2006; Kang et al, 2010; Park et al, 2012). In view of the importance of biocompatibility, the implant material must be inert in relation to the body tissues, avoiding any type of reaction and exhibiting excellent resistance to corrosion It should present high mechanical strength and low density. With the help of surface treatments and new improvements of using this material, titanium have been better succeeded in the extension of the implant lifetime (Lütjering et al 2007; Brånemark et al, 1969) This success is based on the theory that increased bone/implant contact can be achieved by changing topography or by increasing the implant surface roughness (Le Guéhennec, Soueidan, Layrolle, & Amouriq, 2007). These changes are achieved using techniques such as blasting, acid attack, anodic oxidation, biocompatible material coating, ion implantation techniques and plasma vapor deposition techniques, among others
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