Abstract
This paper discusses the conversion of solar irradiance energy into electricity. Double-sided (bifacial) panels are gaining increasing popularity in commercial applications due to the increased energy yield with a constant occupied mounting surface. However, the value of the additional energy yield produced by the back of the panel depends on several important factors. This paper presents the influence of working conditions on electricity generation in bifacial modules. This paper also investigates the influence of weather conditions, the module inclination angle, and the substrate beneath the panel surface on electricity generation. Fill factor and efficiency were calculated for each case included in the study scope. Based on the current voltage, power characteristics, and calculations, the module operation for different conditions was compared. It was observed that the optimal inclination angle to the surface is higher for the bifacial modules compared to the unilateral modules. The type of surface under the module has also been indicated to impact the amount of electricity generated. The additional energy yield associated with the panels’ rear side accounts for 2% to more than 35% of the total power generated by a photovoltaic (PV) module. The unit cost of electricity generation in the analyzed cases was also determined.
Highlights
Renewable energy sources (RES), in particular photovoltaic energy sources, have become increasingly popular
The energy yield can be improved with bifacial photovoltaic modules that use both direct radiation and reflected radiation to generate electricity
The measurements were performed in the autumn; the module inclination angles to the ground substrate: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 degrees, respectively
Summary
Renewable energy sources (RES), in particular photovoltaic energy sources, have become increasingly popular. Ongoing research increases installations’ efficiency and develops new technologies. The energy yield can be improved with bifacial photovoltaic modules that use both direct radiation (incident on modules’ front side) and reflected radiation (incident on the module’s rear side) to generate electricity. Radiation from around the module and passing the free spaces between the PV cells are reflected from the module’s surface.
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