Abstract
A Meteorological model and a dry deposition module were used to estimate the effects of sea surface rough flow (SSRF) over the sea surface on dry deposition velocities. The dry deposition turbulence resistance, Ra, and sub-layer resistance, Rb, decreased more than 10% and 5% due to SSRF, respectively. For example, for HNO3, the mean dry deposition velocities (Vd) were 0.51 cm s^(-1) in January, 0.58 in April, 0.65 cm s^(-1) in July and 0.79 cm s^(-1) in October with only smooth flow over the sea surface. However, the SSRF increased the Vd of HNO3 by 5 - 20% in the east China seas. These results show that SSRF is an important factor in estimating surface roughness to further improve calculation of the dry deposition velocities over the ocean. Improvements in parameterization of sea roughness length will be a worthwhile effort in related future studies.
Highlights
Terrestrial airborne pollutants are, as a matter will be transported into the maritime atmosphere in different locales and deposited upon open sea surfaces
The mean monthly wind speed of each typical month varies greatly which is consistent with the results in the North-west and North Pacific Ocean, studied by Liu and Sun (2000) and Lin and Chen (2002), respectively
In January, roughness length varied between 0.01 and 0.017 cm in most simulation regions with higher values of 0.02 - 0.022 cm occurring in the coastal region along Fujian Province due to integrated effects of cold high-pressure system and strait terrains
Summary
Terrestrial airborne pollutants are, as a matter will be transported into the maritime atmosphere in different locales and deposited upon open sea surfaces. Much research has indicated that the roughness length is one of the main parameters which affect deposition processes and is of great importance for estimating the atmospheric deposition flux of a sea surface. Hertel et al (1995) reported that dry deposition velocities of particles into the North Sea were lower than that upon land indicating a difference between land and water surfaces. The dry deposition velocities over an inland water surface usually were applied to calculate deposition fluxes to coastal water and open sea surfaces in many studies (Wan et al 2002; Fu 2006). The deposition process on an open sea surface is very different from an inland water surface as characterized by wave and roughness lengths
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