Abstract
A series of experiments were carried out to observe the effects of rhizobacterial and agrobacterial inoculation, singly orcombined on the total content, concentration and distribution of the biochemical components (total soluble protein,soluble nitrogen, proline, peroxidase activity, total soluble phenolic, nitrate reductase activity, nitrate, chlorophyll),physiological characteristics (percentages of growth, number of roots, fresh and dry weight of roots, maximum and totallength of roots) and mineral contents (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) of in vitro banana plantlets, Berangan cultivar (AAA) usingMS basal medium. The aims of this study are to determine the influence of various rhizobacteria sp. and Agrobacteriasp. inoculation, singly and combined on biochemical and physiological changes of the important banana plantlets inMalaysia, Berangan cultivar (AAA).Results from the inoculation study using MS basal medium were indicated that inoculation with rhizobacteria (Azospirillum brasilense Sp7, Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10 and Microbacteriumoxydens UPMB11) or agrobacteria (Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains, AR9402 and A4) showed positive response ongrowth of in vitro banana plantlets compared to uninoculation after one month of experiment. The inoculationtreatments also increased the number of root, fresh and dry weight of roots and total length of root. In addition withinoculation, the total content or concentration of the respective biochemical activity as total soluble protein, peroxidase,nitrate reductase, proline, nitrate, soluble nitrogen, phenolic and chlorophyll of the host plants increased and variedaccording to the type of bacteria used. Inoculation with these bacterial also enhanced the accumulation of N and P in thebanana plantlets. Co-inoculation with rhizobacteria (Azospirillum brasilense Sp7, Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10 andMicrobacterium oxydens UPMB11) and agrobacteria (Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains AR9402 and A4) also showedsimilar response as in single inoculation; UPMB10+AR9402 treatment was the most effective treatment. The abovefinding provided evidence that Azospirillum brasilense Sp7, Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10, Microbacterium oxydensUPMB11, Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains AR9402 and A4, singly or combined are potentially effective in promotinggrowth of in vitro banana plantlets. Inoculation of rhizobacteria was showed beneficial to the banana plantlet in salineconditions through increment of growth and improvement in rooting system. Thus, these bacterial strains could be usedas a bioenhancer for growth of in vitro banana plantlets
Highlights
Challenges faced by the banana industries from globalization are a result of lack of increased production and productivity, absence of economical scale of production, higher cost of inputs and low levels of technology used in the production system
The results showed that rhizobacterial species UPMB10 and UPMB11 have the ability to increase plant growth under in vitro conditions after one month of treatment
Leaves chlorophyll content of plantlets in the combined inoculated of rhizobacteria and agrobacteria was more effective compared to the single inoculation
Summary
Challenges faced by the banana industries from globalization are a result of lack of increased production and productivity, absence of economical scale of production, higher cost of inputs and low levels of technology used in the production system. Rhizobacteria that exert beneficial effects on plant growth and development are referred to as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The use of PGPR to promote plant growth has increased in various parts of the world. PGPR can affect plant growth by producing and releasing secondary metabolites and facilitate the availability and uptake of certain nutrients from the root environment (Zahir et al, 2003). A promising trend for increasing the efficiency of nitrogen fixing bacteria could be used naturally or through artificial mixtures of microorganisms (Okon and Labandera-Gonzalez, 1994). Herbaspirillum seropedicae is a nitrogen-fixing bacteria found in association with economically important plants (Bashan et al, 2000)
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