Abstract
Optimization of lighting installations should be a priority in order to reduce energy consumption and obtrusive light while providing optimal visibility conditions for road users. For the design of lighting installations, it is assumed that the road has homogeneous photometric characteristics and only one viewing angle is used. There are often significant differences between the design of lighting installations and their actual performance. In order to examine whether these differences are due to the photometry of the road, this study proposes metrics to assess the influence of road heterogeneity and observation angle. These metrics have been used on many measurements conducted on site and in the laboratory for different pavements. A calculation engine has been developed to realize road lighting design with several r-tables in the same calculation or for different observation angles. Thus, this study shows that a root mean squared deviation (RMSD) calculation, including average luminance and uniformities associated with different r-tables, is directly correlated to a normalized root mean squared deviation (NRMSD) calculation between these r-tables. With these proposed metrics it is possible to optimize lighting installation while taking into account different types of urban surfaces and the diversity of users.
Highlights
For many years the optimization of road lighting installations has been a subject of major interest to researchers, lighting professionals, local authorities, and road surface manufacturers
There are no metrics in the literature that make a direct link between pavement reflection properties deviations and lighting performance criteria deviations. We introduce such new metrics and use them both on an experimental site to study the influence of pavement heterogeneity for four use cases and on road samples to study the influence of the observation angles
This paper presents a new metric able to compare the performance of a lighting installation with a single value related both to the average luminance, and the overall and longitudinal uniformities when pavement reflection properties are variable
Summary
The optimization of road lighting installations has been a subject of major interest to researchers, lighting professionals, local authorities, and road surface manufacturers. The adoption of LED technology in new installations or in renovation operations [1] has made it possible to address important aspects of this optimization, such as reducing energy consumption or extending the life of sources This contributes directly to the reduction of CO2 emissions and seems to be favorable to sustainable development issues. Even if LED lighting offers a better control of light (for example, regarding quantity and spatial distribution) [3], more light remains synonymous with an increase in light pollution [4] and a harmful impact on biodiversity [5] This is why, when the opportunity to illuminate is provided, designing a perfectly adjusted lighting installation is still fundamental to conciliate human needs and environmental imperatives.
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