Abstract
An extended version of the standard pion-nucleus optical potential is presented using the momentum-space formulation of the multiple scattering theory. This potential is used for studying the influence of nonlocal effects and nuclear structure on the characteristics of light pionic atoms. A method is suggested to treat the long-range two-nucleon correlations involved in the second order optical potential. Particularly, the spin-orbital Fermi motion correction to the first-order optical potential, the center-of-mass correlations, and the spin-isospin corrections to the second-order optical potential are discussed in some detail. The results are presented in comparison with the experimental data for the 1s and 2p levels of light pionic atoms up to $^{44}\mathrm{Ca}$.
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