Abstract
This study was aimed to investigated the relationship between the daily average of meteorological parameters (MP), and the daily average (DA) of air pollutant concentrations (PC) (including particulate matter (PM)). In this study, the DA of air PC, such as carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2), was measured during heavy traffic in the summer season for five different locations throughout 2017, and comparison made with results similarly obtained in 2012. The particulate matter sample has been collected for the same period. The daily average meteorological parameters (MP) such as temperature (T), atmospheric pressure (AP), wind direction (WD), wind speed (WS) and relative humidity (RH) were measured and collected from the Directorate of Meteorology and Seismology Instrument at DC during the same period. The microstructure and morphology of the particles have been investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and reflected light microscopy (RLM). The chemical composition of the particles has been studied using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The EDX analysis shows that silicon and calcium were found to be the most abundant elements in the dust particles. Mineralogical characterization was carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and results of which indicate the presence of calcium carbonate (CaCO3).
Highlights
Air pollution (AP) is defined as the presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the atmosphere such as toxic gases (e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO), etc.), particulate matter, and radioactive materials
Gaseous pollutants interact with the human body and can harmful effects on human health, cause detrimental environmental impacts, play a significant role in environmental changes, and eventually lead to unfavourable changes in atmospheric chemistry (12).Generally, at areas with congestion and heavy traffic, high concentrations of CO are expected (16)
The results show that meteorological parameters (MP) have an important role in the formation of air pollution with large variations in geological areas and different seasons (17)
Summary
Air pollution (AP) is defined as the presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the atmosphere such as toxic gases (e.g., carbon monoxide (CO), sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NO), etc.), particulate matter (e.g., dust, fumes, mist, smoke, etc.), and radioactive materials. The results show that MPs have an important role in the formation of air pollution with large variations in geological areas and different seasons (17) It was found in the city of Erzurum (Turkey) that the daily traffic-related pollutant concentrations are influenced by the daily MP and the previous day’s PC (34). Due to the rapid increase in building density, industrial, number of vehicles, population density and energy consumption, the outdoor air quality has deteriorated in crowded urban areas (4) (including Duhok city-DC) in northern region of Iraq. We first investigated the relation between meteorological parameters in DC during the summer season (of 2012 and 2017), and air pollution concentrations such as SO2 and CO in DC city.
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