Influence of maxillomandibular relationship, vertical dimension and posterior retainer in temporomandibular disorders / Influência da relação maxilomandibular, dimensão vertical e retentor posterior nas desordens temporomandibulares

Abstract

Introduction: There are professionals who believe in the relation between occlusal parameters and the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in the face of the controversy among the findings of numerous studies about this topic. Objective: to evaluate the association between maxillomandibular relationship (MMR), vertical dimension (VD) and posterior retainer (PR) with the presence of TMD. Methods: Of the 148 patients in the sample, 78 presented a diagnosis of TMD and 70 comprised the control group, from an examination with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD - Axis I). The MMR relationship was evaluated by the frontal manipulation method of Ramfjord associated with swallowing and it was verified with carbon paper if they presented occlusion in centric relation (CR) or maximal habitual intercuspation (MHI); for the VD was used the metric method associated to phonetic; for PR, individuals with 0 to 2 occlusal units (OU), 3 to 5 OU (reduced dental arch) and 6 or more OU were categorized. Results: the majority of patients with altered Vertical Dimension of Occlusion (VDO) presented TMD (52.5%); there was no statistically significant association (p=0.495). Regarding MMR, 100% of patients with TMD occluded in MHI, while 95.7% of patients without TMD presented occlusion in MIH. The PR variable and the presence of TMD also had no association (p=0726 and p=0.054). Conclusion: In this way, there was no association between the occlusal parameters evaluated and the presence of TMD, although it was observed that the prevalence of TMD increased as the occlusal support was reduced.