Influence of magnetic field inclination angles on hybrid nanofluids: Enhanced MHD double-diffusive mixed convection and entropy generation in a trapezoidal enclosure

Abstract

This current numerical investigation is focused on analyzing the influences of various magnetic field inclination angles on mixed convective heat and mass transfer along with entropy generation in a lid-driven trapezoidal enclosure with double rotating cylinders inside by highlighting significant correlations between system’s input & output parameters. In this study, the effects of three types of SWCNT-Cu-–water hybrid-nanofluids composed of various ratios of nanoparticles in water are observed along with the individual impacts of SWCNT-water, Cu-water, and –water nanofluids. Galerkin weighted residual finite element method is used to solve the governing Navier-Stokes, thermal energy, and mass conservation equations numerically to get the results in forms of average Nusselt number, average Sherwood number, average entropy generation, and average temperature. The optimum conditions are identified to get the best results and these results are also represented in the forms of streamlines, isotherm, and isoconcentration contours for several parameters to get a better insight into heat and mass transfer. In most cases, maximum heat, and mass transfer along with maximum average total entropy generation occur if the magnetic field is assigned at an inclined angle with respect to the horizontal axis for each type of fluid in this current framework.