Influence of Loading Frequency on Fatigue of Construction Materials

Abstract

Investigations have been carried out in respect of structural steel and titanium alloy fatigue at various cyclic loading frequencies and these investigations have made it possible to reveal regularities in changes of parameters pertaining to fatigue resistance and stability behaviour of the tested materials. A change in cyclic loading frequency affects duration of a single (during one cycle) stay of the material in the loaded state and it has an impact on its durability. In addition, with an increase in frequency of load cycles, deformation rate becomes higher, and stress build-up time is decreasing, while distortion of a crystal lattice is increasing due to reduction of time for development of a weakening process. This process is accompanied by an increase in intensity of grain crushing into fragments and blocks, and their disorientation. Tests on cyclic strength of the studied material samples have been carried out at various frequencies and at a room temperature according to the following loading schemes: cantilever cyclic transverse bending of a flat sample; cantilever bending with rotation of a cylindrical sample; axial tension on a pulsating cycle. Quantitative estimates of a fatigue resistance index in the form of slope tangent in a left branch of the fatigue curve to a cycle axis have been used in order to analyze and evaluate performance and stability of the tested materials. Methods for mathematical statistics have been applied to process the obtained results. Graphic dependences of fatigue curves have been plotted in logarithmic coordinates that allowed to obtain straightening of approximating lines for experimental data. The investigations have revealed that loading frequency has an ambiguous effect on fatigue resistance due to some differences in materials in respect of their reaction to changes in a load spectrum within different areas of the fatigue process, but at the same time it has been found that an increase in fatigue strength leads to a slope decrease in the fatigue curve regardless of a decrease or an increase in a load frequency. The paper proposes a new approach to assess a cyclic strength and durability of materials, and it comprises a system of parameters including a relative coefficient of limited endurance, a correlation coefficient and a slope tangent of the fatigue curve. Behavior dynamics for real machine parts and structures made of these alloys under operating conditions has been indicated in the paper.