Abstract
The article deals with the main problems that cause labour migration processes. The influence of labour migration on the economy of the countries is investigated. It is proved that migration plays a significant role in the development of countries because it changes the economic and social situation of people. Based on the analysis, it has been established that labour resources from countries with relatively higher levels of gross domestic product per capita migrate to countries with high levels of development. Migrants from less developed countries take their place. It is analyzed that population migration has economic consequences for both migrants themselves and donor and recipient countries. These consequences can be positive and negative for participants in the migration process. It is generally accepted that the overall impact of migration on the exporting country has a positive effect. However, some effects on specific sectors of the economy, labour, or territory may be negative. The factors that encourage the population of Ukraine to migrate are distinguished. Ukraine is primarily a donor or provider of labour resources. Ukraine's population has been steadily declining as a result of demographic and emigration processes, and more recently due to the military conflict in the east. According to statistics, in 2018, 17.8% (3.2 million) of the able-bodied population of Ukraine worked abroad. On average, 7 to 9 million Ukrainians participate in the migration process annually. The main positive consequence of the labour migration of the Ukrainian population abroad is that the money received for the work done is returned to the country. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the state and scientists need to revise and rethink the strategy of Ukraine on labour migration issues. Much attention needs to be paid today to finding new ways, methods and mechanisms to influence emigration processes that will help slow down labour migration, as it can lead to higher inflation and slower economic growth.
Highlights
The modern world cannot be imagined without migration flows, among which are the determinants of economic causes
One of the main reasons for labour migration is the unevenness of world economic development, the inequality of income and opportunity in different countries, in particular, between economically developed and developing countries
The Ministry of Social Policy forecasts that labour migration in Ukraine will intensify in the coming years due to a high demand for skilled labour [12]
Summary
The modern world cannot be imagined without migration flows, among which are the determinants of economic causes. Migration has important economic implications for both host and migrant countries of origin. One of the main reasons for labour migration is the unevenness of world economic development, the inequality of income and opportunity in different countries, in particular, between economically developed and developing countries. Labour resources from countries with relatively higher levels of gross domestic product per capita migrate to countries with high levels of development. Migrants from less developed countries take their place. In both migration systems, Ukraine primarily acts as a donor or provider of labour resources
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