Abstract
The internal elastic strain resulting from an ensemble of nanoparticles in the crystal lattice of a shape memory alloy (SMA) is introduced as a key parameter into a quantitative theory of superelastic behaviour of SMA-nanoparticle composites. Experimental stress−strain loops obtained for a Co-Ni-Ga-nanoparticle system are analysed and a good agreement between the experimental and theoretical results is demonstrated. It is shown that even small (≈10−3) internal strains can lead to profound differences in stress−strain response between SMA-nanoparticle composites and “particle-free” SMA. The internal strains can enlarge the attainable value of superelastic strain, will strengthen the crystal lattice of the SMA and can give rise to high-temperature superelasticity of SMA-nanoparticle composites. The theory predicts that the larger the volume change is during the MT, the more pronounced is the influence of the nanoparticles on the superelastic behaviour of SMA.
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