Abstract
The transport and deposition of colloids in aquifers plays an important role in managed aquifer recharge (MAR) schemes. Here, the processes of colloidal silica transport and deposition were studied by displacing groundwater with recharge water. The results showed that significant amounts of colloidal silica transport occurred when native groundwater was displaced by HA solution. Solution contains varying conditions of ionic strength and ion valence. The presence of humic acid could affect the zeta potential and size of the colloidal silica, which led to obvious colloidal silica aggregation in the divalent ion solution. Humic acid increased colloidal silica transport by formation of non-adsorbing aqueous phase silica–HA complexes. The experimental and modeling results showed good agreement, indicating that the essential physics were accurately captured by the model. The deposition rates were less than 10−8 s−1 in deionized water and monovalent ion solution. Moreover, the addition of Ca2+ and increase of IS resulted in the deposition rates increasing by five orders of magnitude to 10−4 s−1. In all experiments, the deposition rates decreased in the presence of humic acid. Overall, the promotion of humic acid in colloidal silica was strongly associated with changes in water quality, indicating that they should receive greater attention during MAR.
Highlights
IntroductionManaged aquifer recharge (MAR) projects, which play a significant role in controlling environmental–geological problems and treating drinking water, have been conducted worldwide [1,2]
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects, which play a significant role in controlling environmental–geological problems and treating drinking water, have been conducted worldwide [1,2].the hydrogeochemical characteristics of MAR water are different from those of groundwater, which can perturb the native condition of an aquifer, resulting in release of natural colloids into the groundwater [3]
This study systemically investigated the transport and deposition behaviors of colloidal silica, one of the most popular mineral colloids, in packed sand over series of MAR relevant humic acid (HA) solutions
Summary
Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects, which play a significant role in controlling environmental–geological problems and treating drinking water, have been conducted worldwide [1,2]. The hydrogeochemical characteristics of MAR water are different from those of groundwater, which can perturb the native condition of an aquifer, resulting in release of natural colloids into the groundwater [3]. The released colloids are transported and deposited with water flow during. It is well accepted that colloids play a significant role in pollutant transport, soil fertility, and aquifer structure [5,6]. Colloidal silica plays an important role in determining the fate of contaminants in subsurface environments, either as adsorbents or as mobile carriers [9].
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