Abstract
To assess the potential use of polyamide (PA) for solar-thermal systems applications, the effect of water with varying chlorine content on the fatigue crack growth (FCG) resistance of two PA formulations differing in their stabilizer packages was investigated at 80 °C. A commercial PA containing 30 wt % glass fibers and a standard stabilization package (PA-0) was used as the reference material. For the other formulation, the reference material PA-0 was compounded with two additional stabilizers (PA-S1). Keeping the specimen geometry and initial loading conditions the same, the total number of cycles to ultimate specimen failure was found to be reduced with an increase in chlorine content for both materials. As to the effect of the chlorine content on crack growth kinetics, the most pronounced effect in enhancing the crack growth rates or decreasing the FCG resistance was determined between 0 ppm and 1 ppm chlorine content. When comparing the relative change of FCG resistance in chlorinated water (10 ppm) to the FCG resistance in non-chlorinated water (0 ppm), the additional stabilization in the material PA-S1 appears beneficial over the stabilization in the reference material PA-0.
Highlights
Solar-thermal technologies are typically categorized into pumped and non-pumped solar-thermal systems, and they are mainly utilized for domestic hot water and solar assisted space heating [1]
Numerous system components are exposed to high and alternating mechanical stresses superimposed by various environments, which may pose a significant challenge to plastics
The commercial reference material PA-0 was of the type Zytel 70G30HSL NC010 (Du Pont), which is a PA66 grade reinforced with 30 wt % of short glass fibers
Summary
Solar-thermal technologies are typically categorized into pumped (active) and non-pumped (passive) solar-thermal systems, and they are mainly utilized for domestic hot water and solar assisted space heating [1]. Glass fiber reinforced polyamides (PA-GF) offer a high potential for applications where low costs, a high strength-to-weight ratio, thermal and chemical stability, as well as freedom in design is demanded [3,4,5]. Based on their excellent property profile, PA-GF grades are applied in numerous rather demanding parts in the automotive industry, and they have been revealed to be a reliable material for these applications [3]. As to solar-thermal systems, PA-GF is utilized in the endcaps of steel pipes in integrated storage collectors [6,7], in push fittings for pipes, and as a material for mounting [7,8,9]
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