Abstract
Nine field trials (five with PPI and four with PRE herbicides) were conducted at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario during 2013 to 2015 to determine if the tolerance of white bean to preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) herbicides is influenced by the herbicide carrier (water vs. UAN at 200 L•ha-1). There was no significant interaction between the carrier and herbicide for visible injury, plant stand, plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content and yield. There was also no significant difference between the herbicide carriers for all parameters measured except for the shoot dry weight which was 6.5% greater when UAN was used as the carrier with PPI herbicides. Dimethenamid-p, pendimethalin, imazethapyr and halosulfuron applied PPI or PRE caused no visible injury except for imazethapyr PPI which caused 2% visible injury and dimethenamid-p PRE which caused 7% - 14% injury in white bean. There was no effect of the PPI and PRE herbicides evaluated on white bean stand, shoot dry weight, height, maturity and yield. Based on these results, using water or UAN could be used as the carrier for PPI and PRE herbicides in white bean.
Highlights
North America is the largest producer of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the world [1]
The objectives of this study are to determine if the tolerance of white bean to dimethenamid-p, pendimethalin, imazethapyr and halosulfuron applied preplant incorporated or preemergence are influenced by the herbicide carrier
Shoot dry weight was 6.5% greater when urea-ammonium nitrate solution (UAN) was used as the herbicide carrier compared to the water carrier (Table 1)
Summary
North America is the largest producer of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the world [1]. Most of the white bean produced in Canada is grown in Ontario. In 2014, Ontario white bean growers seeded approximately. 30,000 hectares and produced more than 80,000 tonnes of white bean with a farm gate value of approximately $55,000,000 [2]. Short stature of white bean makes it not a strong competitor with weeds which can result in substantial seed yield losses, reduce harvest efficiency, and cause staining of the bean [3]-[5]. Research is needed to identify herbicides that have an adequate margin of crop safety, provide consistent weed control, have low environmental impact and maximize dry bean yield and net returns to white bean growers in Ontario
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