Abstract
A total of twelve field trials (6 with kidney bean and 6 with white bean) were conducted over a three-year period (2010 to 2012) at various locations in Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of kidney and white bean to imazethapyr applied preplant incorporated (PPI), preemergence (PRE), and postemergence (POST) at 37.5, 75 and 150 g·ai·ha-1. Imazethapyr applied PPI or PRE in kidney or white bean caused 0%-1%, 0%-4%, and 0%-9% injury at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after application (WAA), respectively. However, the injury was transient and had no adverse effect on shoot dry weight, height, seed moisture content, and yield of kidney or white bean except for shoot dry weight which was reduced 32% with imazethapyr applied PPI compared to the weed free control in white bean. Imazethapyr applied POST in kidney or white bean caused as much as 17%, 18%, and 11% injury at 1, 2, and 4 WAA, respectively. There was no adverse effect on shoot dry weight, height, seed moisture content, and yield of kidney or white bean except for imazethapyr applied POST which increased seed moisture content 1.9% compared to the weed free control in white bean. Based on these results, there is an adequate margin of crop safety in dry bean to imazethapyr applied PPI or PRE at 37.5 or 75 g·ai·ha-1 in kidney and white beans. However, there is not an adequate margin of crop safety for imazethapyr applied POST at rates higher than 37.5 g·ai·ha-1 in kidney and white bean.
Highlights
Ontario is one of the leading provinces in Canada in edible bean production and produces 129,000 MT of dry bean with a farm-gate value of approximately $90 million [1]
In order to be competitive in the global market, dry bean growers need precision weed management strategies that have an adequate margin of crop safety, provide consistent broad spectrum weed control, and maximize seed yield and net returns to dry bean growers
The only herbicides registered for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in dry bean in Ontario are bentazon and fomesafen [7]
Summary
Ontario is one of the leading provinces in Canada in edible bean production and produces 129,000 MT of dry bean with a farm-gate value of approximately $90 million [1]. Dry bean is more susceptible to yield losses due to weed interference than the other major field crops grown in Ontario. Dry bean seed yield has been reduced an average of 58% in research studies conducted in Ontario. This is greater than the other major field crops: corn (52%), soybean (40%), spring cereals (12%) and winter wheat (2%). The only herbicides registered for postemergence (POST) broadleaf weed control in dry bean in Ontario are bentazon and fomesafen [7]. More research is needed to identify herbicides that can provide adequate control of trouble some weeds in dry bean
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