Abstract
The following six facts should be considered when any heat supply system is designed: 1. direct combustion to generate heat is never the most efficient use of fuel; 2. heat pumps are more efficient because they use renewable energy in the form of low-temperature heat; 3. if the fuel used by conventional boilers were redirected to supply power for electric heat pumps, about 35-50% less fuel would be needed, resulting in 35-50% less emissions; 4. around 50% savings are made when electric heat pumps are driven by CHP (combined heat and power) systems; 5, whether fossil fuels, nuclear energy, or renewable power is used to generate electricity, electric heat pumps make far better use of these resources than do resistance heaters; 6. the fuel consumption, and consequently the emissions rate, of an absorption or gas-engine heat pump is about 35-50% less than that of a conventional boiler.
Published Version
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