Abstract
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In the present study, the influence of harvesting time (April, June, August and October 2015) on the essential oil composition of <em>Abies koreana</em> twigs from Korea was investigated.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The essential oil from the twigs of <em>A. koreana</em> was isolated by steam distillation and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The essential oil yield was found to vary from 0.76 to 1.20% depending on the month of harvesting. The GC-MS analysis revealed the identification of 26 different essential oil components from the twigs harvested in the months of April, June, August and October, which were mostly monoterpene hydrocarbons (57.63–72.38%) followed by oxygenated monoterpenes (18.82–25.96%).<strong> </strong>Harvesting time mainly influenced on the concentration of the major components of the essential oil from the twigs of <em>A. koreana</em>. Limonene (17.38–31.13%), bornyl acetate (13.22–21.17%), camphene (12.56–13.26%), α-pinene (11.05–13.02%), β-pinene (4.55–5.70%), 3-carene (5.21–6.43%) and β-eudesmol (1.49–8.24%) were detected as the major components in the essential oil.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The main differences between the essential oil compositions of four different months can be referred to limonene and bornyl acetate. The results showed considerable variations in the composition of essential oil, particularly quantitative variation during different harvesting months.</p>
Highlights
The genus Abies (Pinaceae) consists of 51 species of coniferous evergreen trees and is widely distributed in temperate and boreal regions of the northern hemisphere, mainly in mountainous regions [1]
The essential oil obtained from the twigs of A. koreana was pale yellow in color with an intensely coniferous, green and woody aroma
The essential oil yield from the twigs of A. koreana ranged from 0.76% to 1.20% during the different harvesting times
Summary
The genus Abies (Pinaceae) consists of 51 species of coniferous evergreen trees and is widely distributed in temperate and boreal regions of the northern hemisphere, mainly in mountainous regions [1]. Abies koreana Wilson (Korean fir; Korean name: Kusang namu) is a slow growing shrub or broadly pyramidal evergreen tree and distributed in the alpine regions of Republic of Korea [3]. The needles of this plant are used commercially in the cosmetic and fragrance industries to whiten the skin and to treat atopic dermatitis and asthma. Some authors reported the essential oil composition and its antimicrobial activity of A. koreana of different origins [2, 3, 9, 10]. The published data about the essential oil composition of A. koreana has been extensively varied between the authors
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